TERNA: New Approach to HVDC Integration and Coordination

The global power sector is undergoing a major transformation driven by the energy transition, which is accelerating the integration of renewable energy sources and advanced technologies such as energy storage systems. This change requires Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to adopt new strategies for the optimal management of power flows, ensuring efficiency, stability, and cost-effectiveness. This shift requires Transmission System Operators (TSOs) to adopt new strategies and technological solutions to effectively manage electricity flow while maintaining grid stability and efficiency in a landscape increasingly characterized by decentralized energy generation. As the energy mix evolves, traditional power transmission networks must be restructured to accommodate the growing share of renewables, which are intermittent and decentralized. Terna, the Italian Transmission System Operator, considers High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) technology a key component in addressing these challenges. HVDC offers significant advantages in terms of efficiency and reliability making it well-suited for integrating large-scale wind and solar power into the transmission system while ensuring secure and stable operation. At the same time, the expansion of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs), including batteries and other storage technologies, adds a new layer of complexity to the power transmission networks management. Coordinating the dispatch of storage energy alongside renewable generation and conventional power plants requires advanced control mechanisms capable of dynamically balancing supply and demand. In this context, HVDC technology, with its advanced control capabilities, plays a crucial role in enhancing system flexibility and resilience. As the energy transition progresses, the stability and reliability of power transmission networks will be dependent on the widespread deployment of HVDC solutions. The increase in direct current transmission within the grids requires the implementation of an innovative coordination system for all HVDC links to ensure optimal and reliable dispatching. This paper explores Terna's approach to developing and implementing such an advanced coordination system.