Design and Development of a Triple-Band Microstrip Antenna Using Metamaterial and DGS for Sub-6 GHz Applications

This work presents the design and analysis of a triple-band microstrip antenna utilizing an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) metamaterial unit Cell. The antenna operates at frequencies of 3.27 GHz, 3.87 GHz, and 4.7 GHz with return losses exceeding 15 dB, achieving gains of 7 dB, 6.5 dB, and 10.4 dB at these frequencies, respectively. The antenna demonstrates bandwidths of 330 MHz, 460 MHz, and 240 MHz for each band, alongside a Front to Back Ratio (FBR) greater than 20 dB. The structure consists of two flag-shaped patches mounted on an FR4 substrate, with a Defective Ground Structure (DGS) incorporated to enable triple-band functionality. To further enhance the antenna’s performance, an optimized AMC unit cell is introduced, improving gain and ensuring multiband operation. This design offers a high-performance solution with superior return loss, gain, bandwidth, and FBR in the Sub-6 GHz frequency range.