Multi-band wearable antenna for off-body applications for 5g NR bands with the bending analysis

This is a multi-band wearable antenna designed for 5G New Radio (NR) bands n65, n256, n79, and n47. The design uses a simple microstrip patch and operates in several modes, primarily TM001, TM002, and TM003, thus achieving resonance at three different frequencies. The proposed structure yields stable performance over all targeted bands and has compact dimensions of $58 \times 56 \times 2.2 \mathrm{~mm}^{3}$ ($0.46 \lambda \times 0.44 \lambda \times 0.017 \lambda$ at 2.4 GHz). The antenna offers efficient radiation characteristics with a consistent gain of over 4 dBi at all the resonating frequency bands. It also undergoes thorough bending analysis at angles of $10^{\circ}, 15^{\circ}$, and 20°, confirming its mechanical robustness and low loss in performance when subjected to bending. This antenna is off-body wearable and offers reliable solutions for nextgeneration wireless communications while sustaining optimal performance in real-world wearable situations.