Impact of hydrous species in surface alteration layer on mechanical properties of oxide glasses

Hydrogen bonds of hydrous species in the surface alteration layer are critical factor influencing the mechanical properties of glass. In this study, we revealed the underlying mechanism of this influence using the International Simple Glass (ISG), a boroaluminosilicate glass. Upon exposure to static corrosion in aqueous solutions at 121 °C for 90 min, the ISG surface layer underwent nearly complete leaching of network-modifying ions, leading to structural alterations and increased water content within the layer. Importantly, we found that both the water content and the hydrogen bonding strength of hydrous species in the alteration layer affect the mechanical properties of ISG. Strong hydrogen bonds enhanced the nano adhesion force of the glass surface, while reducing the nano-hardness, elastic modulus, and Vickers hardness of ISG. These findings provide insights into the relationship between interfacial chemistry and mechanical performance, helping design robust and durable glasses tailored for specific applications.