Enhancing IoT Data Exchange and Security through a Multi-Domain Interoperability Framework: Integrating Zigbee Network with Microsoft Azure IoT Platform

The rapid expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) has led to diverse applications across industries such as healthcare, smart cities, and industrial automation. However, the lack of seamless interoperability among heterogeneous IoT devices, communication protocols, and cloud platforms poses significant challenges in efficient data exchange, scalability, and security. This study proposes a multi-domain IoT interoperability framework that integrates a Digital Humidity and Temperature 22 (DHT22), as a representative IoT device transmitting environmental data over a Zigbee network to the Microsoft Azure IoT platform utilizing a protocol translation engine to standardize communication formats, ensuring seamless data exchange, scalability, and security across heterogeneous IoT environments. The DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor is used as a representative IoT device, transmitting environmental data over a Zigbee network to the Microsoft Azure IoT platform utilizing a protocol translation engine to standardize communication formats, ensuring seamless data exchange, scalability, and security across heterogeneous IoT environments. This study evaluates the performance of a multi-domain IoT interoperability framework by analyzing key parameters such as communication latency, data transmission rate, packet delivery ratio and scalability. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach maintains low communication latency (20–50 ms), stable data transmission rates, and a high packet delivery ratio (85–98%) even as the number of connected devices increases. These findings highlight the effectiveness of the proposed interoperability framework in enabling reliable and scalable IoT deployments while maintaining robust security.