Zastosowanie sekwencjonowania nowej generacji (NGS) w analizie mikrobiomu ziaren pszenicy ozimej

Microbiome of winter wheat grain was characterized based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) regions. The obtained results revealed significant differences in microbiome composition across the study years. In 2020 and 2022, the dominant spe­cies were Blumeria graminicola (40% and 70% of identified sequences), Alternaria infectoria (14% and 4%), and Mycosphaerella tassiana (12% and 8%). In contrast, in 2021, the most frequently detected species were M. tassiana (20%), Sporobolomyces roseus (13%), andB. graminicola (11%). The analysis confirmed the presence of Fusarium species in all study years, with their sequence percentage fluc­tuating significantly – from 0.5% in 2020 to 5.5% in 2021. Four species were identified: F. graminearum, F. poae, F. sporotrichioides and F. culmorum. The proportion of yeast-like fungi in the total number of sequences also varied over the years, accounting for 20% in 2020, rising to 50% in 2021, and decreasing to 12% in 2022. Two taxons were dominant: S. roseus and Vishniacozyma spp., including V. victo­riae. Additionally, other yeast-like fungi were identified, including Filobasidium wieringae, Filobasidium stepposum, Dioszegia hungarica, Aureobasidium pullulans, Holtermaniella wattica, Bulleromyces albus, and Bullera crocea. The results highlight the dynamic nature of the wheat microbiome and its sensitivity to changing environmental conditions.