Assessing technical aspects and vulnerabilities from Tswaing informal settlement in Hammanskraal, South Africa

The vulnerability levels of each capital, along with corresponding indicators and trigger points observed during the transit walks, were calculated. The results indicated that while the community demonstrates a degree of resilience and adaptive capacity, several critical weaknesses remain. These include prevalent illegal electricity connections and poor waste and water quality management. The study highlights the significant role of public participation in hazard management, emphasising the importance of community engagement to ensure water quality management, basic hygiene and electricity safety awareness. These participatory measures are essential for raising awareness about potential hazards and reducing the risk of subsequent disasters.