Public Participation and Accountability in Local Governance: An Assessment of Complaint Mechanisms in Taraba State’s Bureau for Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs

This study investigates the role of complaint mechanisms in enhancing public participation and accountability within the Bureau for Local Government and Chieftaincy Affairs in Taraba State, Nigeria. Despite policy frameworks promoting transparency and civic engagement, implementation at the local level remains limited. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research collected quantitative data from 330 respondents through structured questionnaires and employed statistical tools such as t-tests and regression analysis to assess the relationship between complaint systems, public participation, and accountability. Findings reveal that a majority of citizens perceive existing complaint mechanisms as unclear and ineffective, with 66.7% reporting dissatisfaction with procedures for addressing misconduct, and 86.7% expressing skepticism about procurement transparency. However, statistical results indicate a significant positive relationship between effective complaint mechanisms and accountability (F = 23.569, p = 0.000), and between public participation and transparency (F = 730.202, p = 0.000, β = 0.831). The study identifies major barriers to engagement, including low civic awareness, poor institutional trust, and limited access to information. Recommendations include institutionalizing accessible grievance channels, enhancing civic education, digitizing financial records, and fostering inclusive decision-making platforms. Ultimately, the research underscores the need for systemic reforms to promote responsive, inclusive, and accountable local governance.