Update on the utilisation of geothermal energy for space and greenhouse heating in Türkiye

As one of the sustainable, domestic and renewable resource, geothermal energy has a high potential and range of application in Türkiye and it is widely used especially in space and greenhouse heating. In this study, to overcome the challenges experienced in accessing data regarding geothermal energy utilisation in Türkiye (not being available in a single source, database irregularity/inadequacy, etc.) and to form a basis for future studies, current data were collected from various institutions and compiled by focusing on space and greenhouse heating. As of 2024, 170481 Residences Equivalence (1704.8 MWt) of space is heated with geothermal energy through 25 fields in 13 provinces. Additionally, 6970158 m2 (1394 MWt) of greenhouses are heated through 62 fields in 27 provinces. 94% of space and 81% of greenhouse heating are carried out in Western Anatolia and Afyonkarahisar is the province with the most space and greenhouse heating. Domestic heating is provided in 20 geothermal fields and numerous facilities (hotels, schools, etc.) are also heated in most areas. Space and greenhouse heating have increased by 210% and 850%, respectively, between 2007 and 2024. Considering Türkiye's geothermal potential, it is expected that this development will be even greater, especially in Eastern Anatolia.