Joint phase shift and time delay to reduce beam splitting effect on reflecting intelligent surface

Abstract Intelligent Reflecting Surface (IRS) technology operating at mm-wave frequencies is promising for 6G applications. However, this technique faces the challenge of beam splitting, as beams cannot be directed accurately at all frequencies. To enhance system performance and lessen the beam spillting effect, the IRS is developed using phase shifters and time delay modules, as the problem is analyzed in this paper. The results of the simulation revealed that the proposed system, which is based on sub-surface IRS and time delay modules, successfully overcomes the packet splitting challenge effectively. The proposed architecture was 94.5% better in gain compared with the traditional architecture. The results explained a 54% improvement in data rate when time delay is used in the Phase-shift-Time delay-Phase delay (PTDP) system compared to the conventional design. Moreover, the use of 2-bit phase shifting alone in the proposed design was appropriate to realize close to optimal performance due to the system capability to direct power in the desired direction through the use of precoding technology, which compensates for losses resulting from beam splitting.