SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH INTO ETHICAL PROBLEMS AND LAWYER ETHICS IN MODERN PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT

The article examines the content and orientation of scientific research of the main contemporary world experts on ethical issues and moral philosophy (D. Parfit, P. Singer, Z. Bauman, L. Donskis, M. Nusbaum, M. Sandel, A. MacIntyre, C. Taylor). The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive study of the main ideas of modern scientific research by ethical scholars. The task of the study is to analyze the interpretation of the essence and socio-cultural determination of the phenomena of ethics and morality by the main specialists. The problems of ethics affect various aspects of human existence in society, and the philosophical study of the content and direction of ethical research today forms the socially constructive worldview of people. All this prompts us to analyze the scientific ethical developments of modern thinkers. The author elucidates the approaches of modern researchers to the moral characterization of modern society, emphasizing its “fluid” ethical character, loss of moral sensitivity in the modern world, and disappointment in the arrangement of society. It is proved that the analysis of ethical works by world-renowned researchers shows the diversity of their approaches to the interpretation of the characteristics and conditionality of morality in modern society. They put forward various indices and indicators of society's morality, and articulate a focus on the rational, utilitarian justification of moral norms, on the existence of common and special in ethical guidelines of different socio-cultural systems. Researchers put forward various indices of society's morality, but almost all studies emphasize the important role of ethics as a value and normative regulator of social relations in modern society. Thus, having reviewed the scientific research of the world's leading experts on ethical issues, we state that the approaches of modern researchers to the moral characterization of modern society are clarified, its ethically “fluid” nature, the loss of moral sensitivity in the modern world, and disappointment in the arrangement of society are emphasized. It is proved that the analysis of ethical works of famous world researchers shows the diversity of their approaches to the interpretation of the characteristics and conditionality of morality in modern society.