First measurement of neutron capture multiplicity in neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielasticlike interactions using an accelerator neutrino beam
We report the first measurement of neutron capture multiplicity in neutrino-oxygen neutral-current quasielasticlike interactions at the gadolinium-loaded Super-Kamiokande detector using the T2K neutrino beam, which has a peak energy of about 0.6 GeV. A total of 30 neutral-current quasielasticlike event candidates were selected from T2K data corresponding to an exposure of <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mn>1.76</a:mn><a:mo>×</a:mo><a:msup><a:mn>10</a:mn><a:mn>20</a:mn></a:msup></a:math> protons on target. The <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mi>γ</c:mi></c:math> ray signals resulting from neutron captures were identified using a neural network. The flux-averaged mean neutron capture multiplicity was measured to be <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:mrow><e:msubsup><e:mrow><e:mn>1.37</e:mn><e:mo>±</e:mo><e:mn>0.33</e:mn><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mo stretchy="false">(</e:mo><e:mi>stat</e:mi><e:mo>.</e:mo><e:mo stretchy="false">)</e:mo></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mo>−</e:mo><e:mn>0.27</e:mn></e:mrow><e:mrow><e:mo>+</e:mo><e:mn>0.17</e:mn></e:mrow></e:msubsup><e:mtext> </e:mtext><e:mo stretchy="false">(</e:mo><e:mi>syst</e:mi><e:mo>.</e:mo><e:mo stretchy="false">)</e:mo></e:mrow></e:math>, which is compatible within 2.3 sigma than predictions obtained using our nominal simulation. We discuss potential sources of systematic uncertainty in the prediction and demonstrate that a significant portion of this discrepancy arises from the modeling of hadron-nucleus interactions in the detector medium.
Authors
- Yuta Kawamura (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0367-8493)
- S.C. Joshi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0713-7361)
- Lucile Mellet
- T. Holvey (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2473-938X)
- F. Cadoux
- K. Mavrokoridis
- V. Mikola
- S. Levorato (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-5355)
- S. Bordoni
- M. R. Vagins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-0480)
- Robert J. Harris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8518-4640)
- K. Ieki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5044)
- N. Kishore Babu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0591-0738)
- N. Tran
- T. Ishida
- M. Nakahata
- R. Matsumoto
- M. Lawe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-5972)
- Prokar Dasgupta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8690-0445)
- Adrien Blanchet (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-0161)
- Xingyu Zhao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-5732)
- Yuta Kudo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1586-2004)
- Y. Hino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7480-463X)
- A. Izmaylov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8446-2362)
- A. Rychter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9666-5394)
- L. Magaletti
- D. Martin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1988-9706)
- S. Ito
- Hiroaki Kobayashi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9249-4217)
- M. Guigue
- A. Dergacheva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5696-4234)
- Rajat Banerjee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8001-7210)
- S. Lewis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0493-3518)
- Anne Chalumeau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3404-1401)
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- Naoki Otani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5855-7616)
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- K. Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4893-3729)
- N. Yershov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7405-1770)
- A. A. L. Craplet
- M Girgus
- P. M. M. Boistier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6806-473X)
- D. Seppala
- Abhay K. Jha (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8108-6257)
- L. Giannessi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6899-7116)
- F. Cormier (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-6832)
Institutions
- Eötvös Loránd University (HU)
- Warsaw University of Technology (PL)
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Louisiana State University (US)
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VN)
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (GB)
- State University of New York (US)
- University of Padua (IT)
- High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (JP)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- University of Liverpool (GB)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Miyagi University of Education (JP)
- Tokyo University of Science (JP)
- Okayama University (JP)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Duke University (US)
- Yokohama National University (JP)
- King's College London (GB)
- Royal Holloway University of London (GB)
- South Dakota School of Mines and Technology (US)
- Institute for High Energy Physics (ES)
- York University (CA)
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
- Tohoku University (JP)
- Keio University (JP)
- Kyoto University (JP)
- Université Paris-Saclay (FR)
- University of Minnesota System (US)
- Ghent University Hospital (BE)
- University of Colorado System (US)
- University of California System (US)
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
- California University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- Sorbonne Université (FR)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Shanghai Institute for Science of Science (CN)
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (PL)
- Institute of Particle Physics (CA)
- Institute for Nuclear Research (RU)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova (IT)
- Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences (PL)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli (IT)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bari (IT)
- Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (FR)
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I (IT)
- University of Toyama (JP)
- Osaka Metropolitan University (JP)
- Laboratoire Médiations (FR)
- Institute of Science Tokyo (JP)
- University of Houston (US)
- University of Warsaw (PL)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Rochester (US)
- Stony Brook University (US)
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ES)
- Kobe University (JP)
- European Organization for Nuclear Research (CH)
- Lancaster University (GB)
- Polytechnic University of Bari (IT)
- Tokyo Metropolitan University (JP)
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VN)
- The University of Tokyo (JP)
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- Universidad de Sevilla (ES)
- University of Silesia in Katowice (PL)
- Michigan State University (US)
- RWTH Aachen University (DE)
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Stanford University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Published
- 2025-07-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/qh28-4znk
- Citations
- 7
- Primary Topic
- Neutrino Physics Research
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 13.09
Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Scientific Education and Research Institute
- National Foundation for Science and Technology Development
- Universidad de Sevilla
- “la Caixa” Foundation
- Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology
- CERN
- UK Research and Innovation
- Centres de Recerca de Catalunya
- National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center
- Canada Foundation for Innovation
- Royal Society
- European Commission
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía
- Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras
- Narodowe Centrum Nauki
- Stavros Niarchos Foundation
- Ministerstwo Edukacji i Nauki
- University of Tokyo
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives
- Russian Science Foundation
- Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal
- University of the East
- Sorbonne Université
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- Horizon 2020 Framework Programme
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- National Research Council Canada
- Science and Technology Facilities Council
- European Research Council
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
- Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
- European Social Fund
- H2020 European Research Council
- HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions