Influence of Printing Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of EOS NickelAlloy HX Produced via Laser Powder Bed Fusion

The research investigated the influence of laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) parameters for NickelAlloy HX, a nickel-based superalloy, to achieve high-density components with superior mechanical properties. A systematic approach was employed, involving printing 40 cylindrical specimens with varying energy densities (50–240 J/mm3) to evaluate porosity, hardness, and anisotropy. Results revealed that energy density significantly influences relative density, with optimal parameters identified at 111 J/mm3 (900 mm/s scan speed, 120 W laser power). Microstructural examination revealed columnar grains aligned with the build direction in as-printed samples. The findings highlight the trade-offs between density, hardness, and microstructure in the additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloys, providing actionable insights for industrial applications requiring specific property profiles.