Functional Outcome of Biological Graft Versus Fiber Wire in Acromioclavicular Joint Dislocation: A Comparative Study

Introduction: Acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation is a common shoulder injury, particularly among athletes and individuals engaged in physical labor. The injury often requires surgical intervention to restore joint stability and function. Two popular surgical options are the use of biological grafts and synthetic materials such as Fiber Wire for AC joint reconstruction. This comparative study aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and functional outcomes of biological grafts versus fiber wire in the treatment of AC joint dislocations. Materials and Methods: This study included a sample of 32 patients diagnosed with AC joint dislocation, divided into two groups: those treated with biological grafts and those treated with fiber wire. Patients were randomly assigned to each group and followed for a period of 12 months post-surgery. Clinical evaluations were performed using the Constant-Murley Score. Radiographic assessments were conducted to measure joint stability and alignment. Complications, such as infections and redislocations, were recorded. Results: The study found that patients treated with biological grafts demonstrated slightly better joint stability and fewer complications compared to those treated with fiber wire. The Constant Murley indicated that the biological graft group achieved superior functional outcomes, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Both biological grafts and fiber wire provide viable options for AC joint dislocation repair, each with distinct advantages. Biological grafts offer better long-term stability and functional outcomes, making them preferable for patients prioritizing joint integrity and performance. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is necessary to substantiate these findings and optimize treatment protocols.