IceCube Search for Neutrino Emission from X-Ray Bright Seyfert Galaxies
Abstract The recent IceCube detection of TeV neutrino emission from the nearby active galaxy NGC 1068 suggests that active galactic nuclei (AGNs) could make a sizable contribution to the diffuse flux of astrophysical neutrinos. The absence of TeV γ -rays from NGC 1068 indicates neutrino production in the vicinity of the supermassive black hole, where the high radiation density leads to γ -ray attenuation. Therefore, any potential neutrino emission from similar sources is not expected to correlate with high-energy γ -rays. Disk-corona models predict neutrino emission from Seyfert galaxies to correlate with keV X-rays because they are tracers of coronal activity. Using through-going track events from the Northern Sky recorded by IceCube between 2011 and 2021, we report results from a search for individual and aggregated neutrino signals from 27 additional Seyfert galaxies that are contained in the Swift's Burst Alert Telescope AGN Spectroscopic Survey. Besides the generic single power law, we evaluate the spectra predicted by the disk-corona model assuming stochastic acceleration parameters that match the measured flux from NGC 1068. Assuming all sources to be intrinsically similar to NGC 1068, our findings constrain the collective neutrino emission from X-ray bright Seyfert galaxies in the northern sky, but, at the same time, show excesses of neutrinos that could be associated with the objects NGC 4151 and CGCG 420-015. These excesses result in a 2.7 σ significance with respect to background expectations.
Authors
- A. Connolly
- L. Schumacher (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8945-6722)
- M. Moulai
- S. Mechbal
- S. W. Barwick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2050-6714)
- L. Gerhardt
- M. Ha Minh
- G. M. Spiczak (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-0519)
- M. Lamoureux (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-5826)
- Thien Nhan Chau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-8159)
- J. Veitch-Michaelis
- Spencer Griswold (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7321-7513)
- Pranav Dave (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3879-5115)
- Woosik Kang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3980-3778)
- Qinrui Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-6423)
- I. Taboada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3509-3457)
- Daniel Salazar-Gallegos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9312-9684)
- S. R. Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2841-6553)
- Michael Campana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4162-5739)
- James DeLaunay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-1995)
- Oliver Gries
- Frank Schröder (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-7210)
- P. Zhelnin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1019-8375)
- Felix Schlüter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5545-4363)
- S. Reusch
- C. Girard-Carillo
- W. G. Thompson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2988-7998)
- C. H. Wiebusch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-3008)
- P. Desiati (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9768-1858)
- Abdul Rehman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7616-5790)
- C. De Clercq (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5266-7059)
- K. D. de Vries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-4068)
- A. Ishihara
- Alexander Sandrock (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6779-1172)
- A. Terliuk
- Christoph Tönnis
- M. Neumann
- K. Hanson
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- C. Weaver (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2385-2559)
- Yantao Liu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1448-271X)
- Hershal Pandya (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6138-4808)
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- G. de Wasseige (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1010-5100)
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- Colton Hill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0647-9174)
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- Frederik Hermann Lauber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5648-5930)
- T. Schmidt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9894-3498)
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- Richard Naab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-466X)
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- Hrvoje Dujmović (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1891-0718)
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- Christoph Raab (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9921-2668)
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- Minjin Jeong (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2420-6639)
- Vivian O'Dell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0903-543X)
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- Hans Niederhausen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9566-4904)
- W. Rhode (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5000)
- Alejandra Granados (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-9281)
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- A. Diaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7206-8336)
- Karlijn Kruiswijk (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9261-0537)
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- A. Weindl
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- Silvia Latseva
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- Dennis Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3005-7879)
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- Lincoln Draper
- Philipp Soldin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-2495)
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- Pablo Correa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1158-6735)
- Z. Zhang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7347-283X)
- Giacomo Sommani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0094-826X)
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- S. Fiedlschuster
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- Alina Kochocki (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3782-0128)
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- Michael Handt
- Akshima Negi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8202-5837)
- P. Savina
- Mohammad Ful Hossain Seikh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-7354)
- Anuj Kumar Upadhyay (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1957-2626)
- B. Pries (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4811-9863)
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- M. Ahlers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0709-5631)
- Leander Fischer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7645-8048)
- Kwok Lung Fan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8246-4751)
- D. J. Koskinen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0514-5917)
- Jonas Häußler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5552-4821)
- Mirco Huennefeld (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2827-6522)
- Karolin Hymon (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-5207)
- M. Jacquart
- S. J. Gray (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2907-8306)
- C. Spiering (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-0074)
- K. Carloni
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- Jonas Hellrung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7300-8961)
- Stef Verpoest (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-3206)
- Matthias Vereecken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-5242)
- J. L. Kelley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0846-4542)
- C. Walck (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4188-9219)
- D. R. Williams
- I. Martinez-Soler
- R. Nagai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7503-2777)
- Summer Blot (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-3001)
- H. Kolanoski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0435-2524)
- Ludwig Neste (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4829-3469)
- Nick Schmeisser
- A. Vijai (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8996-2655)
- Lucas Witthaus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0666-3671)
- L. Ausborm
- J. Hermannsgabner
- Eliot Genton (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5263-972X)
- Teresa Pernice
- P. Sevle Myhr (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9103-4410)
- Patrick Schaile
- Martin Langgård Ravn (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6872-8603)
- P. Dierichs
- L. Lu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3175-7770)
- J. A. Aguilar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-9514)
- Sourav Sarkar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1206-4330)
- Nobuhiro Shimizu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6857-1772)
- Alfonso Garcia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-2459)
- Wenjie Hou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3422-7185)
- Robert A. Young (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5105-9334)
- H. Hamdaoui (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5709-2100)
- J. Becker Tjus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1748-7367)
- Jessie Thwaites (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9179-3760)
- J. Liao (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8086-586X)
- K. B. M. Mahn
- S. Hickford
- R. Snihur
- D. Vannerom
- P. Reichherzer
- D. Kappesser
- T. Ehrhardt
- J. Adams
- J. Soedingrekso
- M. Dittmer
- R. Bay
- J. Werthebach
- T. DeYoung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-3783)
- S. Tilav
- M. U. Nisa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6859-3944)
- Alba Domi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9610-7296)
- S. Choi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6225-9876)
- D. Berley
- H. Schieler (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-4778)
- Ioana Caracas
- Ioana Codrina Mariş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5771-1124)
- R. Engel
- Z. Griffith
- E. J. Roberts
- M. Silva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6940-8184)
- Z. Chen
- L. Köpke
- S. N. Axani
- M. Ramirez-García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4564-3822)
- L. Brusa
- D. Tosi
- Melany Zimmerman
- M. Stamatikos
- G. T. Przybylski
- R. Morse
- Manish Khanal
- M. Schaufel
- Matti Jansson
- E. Ellinger
- K. D. Hoffman
- M. G. Aartsen
- Rebecca Corley
- G. Wrede
- A. A. Harnisch
- Annika Wolf
- Gerrit Roellinghoff
- N. van Eijndhoven (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-3328)
- M. Santander (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7297-8217)
- T. Ruhe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4080-9563)
- E. Resconi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0705-2770)
- A. Sègaard
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Published
- 2025-07-18
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/addd05
- Citations
- 19
- Primary Topic
- Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 35.53
Funders
- National Science Foundation
- U.S. Department of Energy
- University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Nvidia
- Michigan State University
- Villum Fonden
- Polarforskningssekretariatet
- Marquette University
- Western Canada Research Grid
- European Commission
- National Research Foundation
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung
- Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung
- Fonds De La Recherche Scientifique - FNRS
- Belgian Federal Science Policy Office
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Research Foundation of Korea
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Vetenskapsrådet
- RWTH Aachen University
- Chiba University
- Helmholtz Alliance for Astroparticle Physics
- Alliance de recherche numérique du Canada
- College of Engineering, Michigan State University
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Marsden Fund
- Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University
- Office of Polar Programs
- Office of Advanced Cyberinfrastructure
- Office of Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research