Undiagnosed diabetes mellitus among older adults: a harmonized cross-country analysis of prevalence, regional disparities and risk factors in 11 European countries and Israel

Early detection of diabetes is underdeveloped in Europe, with significant regional disparities. Individuals with uDM often underestimate their risks due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease in its early stages, highlighting the need for targeted public health interventions beyond the typical risk groups. Our results suggest that diabetes awareness and effective screening for uDM still need to be increased, particularly among younger and seemingly healthy individuals, those with lower SES, obesity, and hypertension.