SeCoV2: Semantic Connectivity-Driven Pseudo-Labeling for Robust Cross-Domain Semantic Segmentation

Pseudo-labeling is a dominant strategy for cross-domain semantic segmentation (CDSS), yet its effectiveness is limited by fragmented and noisy pixel-level predictions under severe domain shifts. To address this, we propose a semantic connectivity-driven pseudo-labeling framework, SeCo, which constructs and refines pseudo-labels at the connectivity level by aggregating high-confidence pixels into coherent semantic regions. The framework includes two key components: Pixel Semantic Aggregation (PSA), which leverages a dual prompting strategy to preserve category-specific granularity, and Semantic Connectivity Correction with Loss Distribution (SCC-LD), which filters noisy regions based on early-loss statistics. Building upon this foundation, we further present SeCoV2, which introduces SCC-Unc, a novel uncertainty-aware correction module that constructs a connectivity graph and enforces relational consistency for robust refinement in ambiguous regions. SeCoV2 also broadens the applicability of SeCo by extending evaluation to more challenging scenarios, including open-set and multimodal adaptation, semi-supervised domain generalization, and by validating compatibility with different interactive foundation segmentation models such as SAM Kirillov et al. 2023, SEEM Zou et al. 2023, and Fast-SAM Zhao et al. 2023. Extensive experiments across six CDSS tasks demonstrate that SeCoV2 achieves consistent improvements over previous methods, with an average performance gain of up to +4.6%, establishing new state-of-the-art results. These findings highlight the effectiveness and generalization ability for robust adaptation in diverse real-world environments.