Metagenomes and 1,313 metagenome-assembled genomes from a northern Gulf of Mexico coastal time series

Coastal and estuarine systems are hotspots of microbial diversity, activity, and biogeochemical cycling. Despite their importance, we have few comprehensive datasets of microbial populations across space and time from these ecosystems. To improve our understanding of these systems, we generated metagenomes averaging 46 M reads per sample (nearly 389 Gbp total) from four coastal/estuarine locations in the northern Gulf of Mexico across seven timepoints spanning nine months. Using standard methodology combined with a unique assembly and binning approach called subtractive iterative assembly (SIA), we generated 1,313 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with 5% contamination or less and at least 75% completeness. We produced approximately a third of the MAGs through SIA. Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria were represented most. We recovered MAGs of great ecological significance including SAR11, Marine Group I (Thaumarcheaota), Marine Group II Euryarchaeota, SAR324, and Asgardarchaeota. We describe both our methodology using the SIA approach as well as the 28 metagenomes and 1,313 MAGs that provide a rich spatiotemporal dataset with which to study coastal and estuarine microbiology.