Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of auxin response factor (ARF) genes in Chionanthus retusus and functional characterization of CrARF37 in terms of its effect on flower shape

Based on gene family analysis, transcriptome gene co-expression network, and transgenic functional validation, we identified three ARF genes that may be associated with differences in C. retutus flower morphology. In addition, we validated the transgenic function to elucidate how CrARF37 affects the development of floral vascular tissue.Our findings will enhance our understanding of flower morphological development and provide valuable theoretical insights for Osmanthus cultivation.