Sustainable packaging using Aloe vera infused mango starch–wool keratin biocomposite films to extend the shelf life of mango

The development of biodegradable packaging films from agro-waste is gaining prominence as a sustainable alternative to synthetic materials. This study explores the potential of Aloe vera (AV) gel extract as a bioactive agent to enhance the structural and functional properties of biocomposite films derived from mango starch (MS) and wool keratin (WK). The study aimed to investigate the impact of AV incorporation on film characteristics and its efficacy in extending mango shelf life at 33 ± 2 °C. Biocomposite films were formulated with 0, 20, and 40 mg of AV, designated as MS-WK-AV0, MS-WK-AV2, and MS-WK-AV4, respectively. Physico-mechanical, morphological, functional, and thermal properties were analyzed. AV incorporation reduced film thickness and water solubility by 23.8% and 17.6%, respectively, while increasing the contact angle by up to 67.6%. Structural analysis revealed enhanced intermolecular interactions, leading to improved smoothness and homogeneity. The MS-WK-AV4 film exhibited a complete loss of crystallinity. Notably, AV-enriched films prolonged mango shelf life by up to 12 days and preserved quality attributes during storage. This study demonstrates the potential of repurposing sheep wool and mango seed kernels for sustainable packaging, aligning with circular economy principles and offering an eco-friendly alternative for food preservation.