Accelerated wound healing through tannin-rich Jaft extract, concentration-dependent efficacy and mechanistic insights from Quercus brantii ointment formulations

Jaft extract exhibits anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and astringent properties, making it a promising therapeutic agent for wound treatment. This study aims to synthesize an the ointment containing varying concentrations of Jaft extract and evaluate its efficacy in promoting wound healing. By understanding that prompt wound washing prevents infection and acts as an astringent, we observe its dual role in achieving hemostasis and controlling bleeding. The second aim is to assess the impact of early wound cleansing with Jaft extract on treatment outcomes. A comparative study was conducted to evaluate the impact of preliminary wound washing with Jaft extract before ointment application on healing efficacy. Three ointment formulations (2%, 4%, and 8% w/w Jaft extract) were prepared. Wound healing parameters in rats included wound closure rate, levels of catalase and glutathione antioxidants, histopathological analysis, hydroxyproline content, and tissue-breaking strength. The Jaft extract exhibited potent antioxidant (3.72 μg/mL) and anti-inflammatory (IC₅₀ of NO inhibition: 0.0045 mg/mL) properties, attributed to its high tannin and flavonoid content. In vivo studies demonstrated that pre-treatment with Jaft extract followed by 2% w/w ointment application resulted in the most rapid wound closure (87% by day 7) and optimal tissue regeneration in male Wistar rats.