A Standardized, Three‐Dimensional Cropping Protocol for Analyzing the Medial Epicondyle of the Humerus

The proposed protocol offers a holistic approach to studying entheseal changes at the medial epicondyle while accommodating morphological variation. Despite some subjectivity in landmark placement, the statistical results for both landmark placement and surface area found the method's observer error to be among the lowest in comparable studies. This method provides a valuable tool for examining entheseal surface changes and morphology, with the potential, pending experimental validation, to support research on reconstructing physical activity, pathological conditions, and human evolutionary adaptation.