Social participation and insomnia in Chinese older adults with multimorbidity: mediating roles of frailty, anxiety, and depression

Based on the stress process theory, our study showed that frailty, anxiety and depression serially mediated the relationship between social participation and insomnia. These findings hold significant practical implications and suggest that improving physical and mental health and developing social participation programs may potentially help improve sleep quality among older adults with multimorbidity, so as to promote their overall well-being.