Scientific planning of dynamic crops in complex agricultural landscapes based on adaptive optimization hybrid SA-GA method

Effective dynamic agricultural planning is crucial for optimising resource allocation and ensuring income stability, yet conventional methods often face limitations in adapting to the complex and variable conditions of mountainous regions, particularly under fluctuating climate and market pressures. Therefore, this study introduces a novel multi-stage dynamic optimization framework specifically designed for crop planning in such challenging terrains. This framework is underpinned by a sophisticated model integrating advanced monitoring systems with a Hybrid Simulated Annealing Genetic Algorithm (H-SAGA), further enhanced by neural network-driven real-time predictions. The H-SAGA component optimises planting strategies by synergistically combining global exploration (SA) and local refinement (GA) capabilities, while the neural network dynamically adjusts revenue forecasts based on climatic and market data, significantly improving the model's responsiveness and adaptability. We rigorously evaluated the applicability and effectiveness of this model through extensive simulations across 7,290 mu (1,201 acres) of diverse farmland in mountainous Northern China. The results demonstrate that the proposed H-SAGA approach consistently achieves 5-10 percentage points higher profit increment ratios than other benchmark optimization algorithms (such as GA, SA, PSO, and ACO), alongside faster convergence and notable robustness against environmental and economic variability. This research establishes an integrated "monitoring-modelling-decision" paradigm, driven by multi-source data and machine learning, offering a practical and robust tool that provides valuable guidance for enhancing resource allocation efficiency and promoting sustainable precision agriculture in complex topographical regions, thereby holding significant reference value for optimising agricultural production nationwide.