CHROMATONYM “BLACK” AND “WHITE” IN SEMANTICS OF POLISH AND UKRAINIAN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS

The article deals with the role of colour designations ‘black’ and ‘white’ in the semantic structure of phraseological units of Ukrainian and Polish. Using the methods and techniques of comparative and component analysis, the universal, typological and idioethic properties of the components of the semantic structure of the phrases with colour components were established.Today, colour is an object of study in many sciences: Linguistics, Physiology, Psychology, History, Ethnology and others, which can be explained by the importance of this phenomenon in human life. Colour can be used to determine mood, emotions and even important events in a person’s life. Colour carries important information separately from language, but as part of linguistic units, including stable ones, this component becomes even more important and acquires certain symbolism.Each colour carries a certain information code. No doubt that phraseological units with a colour component make it possible to understand the peculiarities of the worldview and world perception of a particular nation. Phraseological units are a unique phenomenon of every language of the world, as they contain information about the extra-linguistic reality, which makes it possible to reflect the material and spiritual life of a particular nation quite accurately and figuratively, to convey its spirit and colour. The study of colour names takes a leading place in linguistic Comparative Studies, since colouratives represent a significant layer of the lexical vocabulary of a language and are actively used in various linguistic phrases.The results of this article have demonstrated that the symbolism of black and white colours in Ukrainian and Polish phraseology has both similarities and differences.The semantic analysis of these chromatonyms in the structure of the respective units shows a wider quantitative palette of available components of the meaning of the colour “black” in Ukrainian paremics. According to the results of the comparative analysis, the colour signification “white” reveals a wider complexity and a wider range of functioning in Polish phraseological units. This demonstrates the existing models of meaning transformation, which are more productive in the lexical and semantic system of the modern Polish language.