Factors Affecting Academic Achievement: A Systematic Literature Review

Academic achievement is a key indicator of both individual student success and the overall effectiveness of educational institutions.This systematic literature review aims to identify, classify, and synthesize the primary determinants impacting academic accomplishment by drawing on empirical research published in the recent decade, 2013-2023.A thorough search was carried out utilizing major scholarly databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ERIC, and Google Scholar.A total of 62 peer-reviewed publications were chosen using predetermined inclusion criteria.Thematic analysis of this research revealed a wide range of interconnected elements that influence academic performance.These include personal attributes (motivation, self-regulation), psychological aspects (emotional intelligence, stress, mental health), socioeconomic variables (parental education, family income), institutional factors (teaching quality, school environment), and technological enablers (digital access, online learning platforms).The review also delves into developing topics such as metacognition, parental participation, and digital learning trends.This synthesis provides educators, politicians, and researchers with a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence academic achievement and makes specific recommendations for pedagogical and policy interventions.