Biochemical and Histopathological Study on the Exposure of Volatile Organic Compound (Benzene) and the Protective Effects of Oral Ascorbic Acid and Solenostemma argeal Extract Administrations in Adult Male Rats

Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs), notably benzene, poses significant risks to both occupational health and the environment. Benzene, recognized as a human carcinogen and prevalent environmental pollutant, induces the production of reactive oxygen species, leading to various detrimental effects. This study investigates the impact of benzene vapor exposure on biochemical parameters such as hepatic enzymes (SGOT, SGPT) and renal functions (s.creatinine, s.urea), oxidative stress levels, and antioxidant enzyme biomarkers, and also aim to determine the histopathological alterations in the liver, kidney, lungs, and testis of male albino rats. Findings reveal that benzene exposure significantly increases malondialdehyde (MDA) as the end product of lipid peroxidation levels and DNA damage, while decreasing levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The research findings suggest that vitamin C, as an antioxidant, mitigates the harmful effects of benzene exposure in male albino rats. Additionally, Solenostemma argel shows significant potential in addressing the impacts of benzene exposure.