Analysing The Diagnostic Value Of Microalbuminuria As A Bio-Marker For Diabetic Nephropathy By Correlating With Fasting Blood Sugar, Serum Creatinine And Hba1c In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of microalbuminuria as a biomarker for diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), correlating it with fasting blood sugar (FBS), serum creatinine, and HbA1c levels. The study also examined the relationship between diabetes duration and kidney dysfunction to highlight the importance of early detection of microalbumin to reduce microvascular complications.Material and Methods: A case-control study was conducted with 100 participants: 50 T2DM patients (cases) and 50 non-diabetic controls, aged 30-60 years. Fasting blood samples were collected to measure HbA1c, FBS, and serum creatinine levels, and spot urine samples were analyzed for microalbuminuria. Results: A strong positive correlation was found between HbA1c and microalbuminuria (RS = 0.7608, p = 0.001), indicating that poor glycemic control is linked to kidney damage. Serum creatinine also showed a moderate correlation with microalbuminuria (RS = 0.5024, p = 0.001). A positive correlation was observed between diabetes duration and serum creatinine (RS = 0.5557, p = 0.001), emphasising the adverse effects of prolonged diabetes on kidney function. No significant correlation was found between FBS and microalbuminuria (RS = -0.271, p = 0.10). All biomarkers were significantly higher in the diabetic group (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Microalbuminuria is a valuable biomarker for early renal impairment in T2DM. Regular monitoring of HbA1c, serum creatinine, and microalbuminuria is essential for early detection and management of diabetic nephropathy, aiding in preventing kidney damage.