Research Progress on Pharmacological Treatment of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

特发性突聋又称为特发性突发性感音神经性听力损失(SSNHL)，指在72 h或更短时间内，出现3个及3个以上频率的听力下降≥30 dB，且无确切的病因。SSNHL发病急，临床症状是突然出现的单侧突聋，少部分出现双侧突聋，表现为不同程度的听力下降，甚至完全丧失听力，伴随症状有眩晕和(或)耳鸣。SSNHL的发病率较高，其发病机制仍不明确，仍停留在学说阶段，以病毒感染说、微循环障碍学说及自身免疫学说为主流。SSNHL仍缺乏国际公认的特效方案，汇总现有药物疗法对临床医生有参考价值。将中医辨证论治与现代药理分类并列，可为中西医整合提供思路。Idiopathic sudden deafness, also known as idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), refers to a hearing loss of ≥30 dB in 3 or more frequencies that occurs within 72 hours or less, with no definite cause. SSNHL has an acute onset. Its clinical symptoms are sudden unilateral deafness, and a small number of cases present with bilateral deafness, showing varying degrees of hearing loss, even complete loss of hearing, accompanied by vertigo and/or tinnitus. The incidence of SSNHL is relatively high, and its pathogenesis remains unclear, still at the stage of hypotheses, with the viral infection theory, microcirculation disorder theory, and autoimmune theory as the mainstream. There is still a lack of internationally recognized specific treatment plans for SSNHL. Summarizing existing drug therapies is of reference value for clinicians. Parallelizing TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment with modern pharmacological classification can provide ideas for the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine.