Variations in Nasal Index among Punjabi Population: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Anthropometry serves as a scientific framework for collecting and analysing morphometric data, enabling the study of human diversity across geographical and ethnic boundaries. The nasal index is a multifaceted anatomical entity. Nasal anthropometry is a study concerned with the precise measurement and analysis of nasal size, shape, and proportions. The human nose exhibits considerable variation in size and shape, which is attributed to the combined effects of age, sex, environmental influences, ethnic background, and regional characteristics. Knowledge of nasal measurements is indispensable for rhinoplasty, facial surgery, and forensic analysis, enabling professionals to make informed decisions and achieve optimal outcomes. Aim: To provide the variations in nasal index among Punjabi males and females in the age group of 18-25 years. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,420 participants (710 males and 710 females) from Punjab, aged between 18 and 25 years. Nasal length and nasal width were measured with the help of a digital sliding vernier caliper in the natural head position, and the nasal index was calculated using the validated formula: Nasal Index = (Nasal Width/Nasal Length) × 100. Results: The mean value of the nasal index was 67.32±6.21 for males and 65.40±6.07 for females. A significant difference was found in nasal length, nasal width, and nasal index between males and females, with a p-value<0.05. Conclusion: A significantly higher nasal index was observed in males than in females of the Punjabi population. From this study, it was concluded that the dominant nose type in both males and females was leptorrhine.