Biomass distribution of sympatric mammals in a European temperate forest
The distribution of biomass among trophic levels and different types of organisms is a key characteristic of ecosystems. However, such biomass distributions might exhibit large perturbations owing to human activities. We used long-term camera trap data from a temperate forest ecosystem within the Cantabrian range, northern Spain, to quantify the biomass distribution of 10 mammal species ranging in body mass from 300 g to almost 100 kg. The species are representative of three distinct orders and include trophic levels from primary to secondary consumers. The observed biomass distribution was bottom-heavy with a disproportionally low biomass of secondary consumers, in particular large-bodied predators. In addition, the ratio of plant biomass to the biomass of mammalian primary consumers was over 6000 : 1 for total above-ground-plant biomass and over 700 : 1 for plant biomass available for mammal consumption. We suggest that the observed biomass distribution both among mammals and between mammals and plants provide an example of trophic downgrading, and highlight the radical effects human activities might have on the structure of terrestrial ecosystems.
Authors
- Jesús T. García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4126-9658)
- José V. Roces‐Díaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-8049)
- Carlo Meloro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0175-1706)
- Séfora Gil Gomes de Farias (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9878-4653)
- Soraia Pereira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7336-1320)
- Fredrik Dalerum (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9737-8242)
- Elena Carrillo Álvarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-7101)
- Antonio Kido Cruz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4949-813X)
- José Manuel Álvarez‐Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8150-0802)
- Toni Vicedo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9107-826X)
- María Ángel Lamillar
- Elena Marsella
- Manuel Jesús Varas
- Pablo Gómez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7127-8486)
- Andro Pleskalt
Institutions
- Universidad de Cantabria (ES)
- University of Lisbon (PT)
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Universidad de Oviedo (ES)
- University of Zagreb (HR)
- Gobierno del Principado de Asturias (ES)
- Innovate UK (GB)
- Mammal Research Institute (PL)
- Institute for Biodiversity (DE)
- Biodiversity Research Institute (US)
- Autonomous University of Lisbon (PT)
- Liverpool John Moores University (GB)
- University of Pretoria (ZA)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Royal Society Open Science
- Published
- 2025-08-01
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.250472
- Primary Topic
- Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Gobierno del Principado de Asturias