Comprehensive Dental Treatment of Pediatric Patient with Celiac Disease in Saudi Arabia. A Case Report.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, a protein in wheat, barley, rye, and to a lesser extent, oats. It causes damage to the small intestine and an immune response often marked by Immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies. CD is linked to multiple systemic conditions and presents with oral signs that may aid in early diagnosis.Common oral signs include molar-incisor hypomineralization, enamel hypoplasia, recurrent aphthous ulcers, and delayed tooth eruption. Case Presentation: This report examines the oral health of a patient diagnosed with CD. The patient presented with severe molar-incisor hypomineralization, generalized moderate plaque-induced gingivitis, and multiple carious lesions. Caries and periodontal risk assessments both indicated high risk. Additionally, her height and weight were below the 5th percentile for her age. The patient also had growth hormone and vitamin D3 deficiencies. Diagnosis was confirmed via biopsy and serological testing. She is currently receiving growth hormone (0.5 mg daily), vitamin D3 supplementation, and is on a strict gluten-free diet. Following these interventions and adherence to the diet, visible improvements in her overall health were noted. Conclusion: CD is a multifaceted disorder requiring ongoing research for improved management. Dentists play a critical role in identifying oral signs such as molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and enamel hypoplasia, which may point to underlying CD or related conditions. Early recognition and timely referrals are essential in preventing complications and supporting comprehensive patient care.