An Eye Movement Study on the Impact of Appearance Anxiety on the Attention Bias of Female College Students

目的：采用眼动技术研究容貌焦虑女大学生注意偏向的眼动数据，考察不同面孔刺激下被试眼动指标以及行为指标上的差异。方法：本研究采用眼动技术结合点探测研究范式，以90名在校女大学生为被试，通过呈现生图面孔与美颜面孔刺激，采集眼动数据与行为反应指标并进行量化分析，旨在探究不同面孔呈现形式下的视觉加工机制差异。结果：高容貌焦虑女大学生对生图刺激表现出最初的注意偏向，但未表现出最初的注意维持；低容貌焦虑女大学生对美颜后的图片存在最初的注意定向。在生图面孔的刺激下，高容貌焦虑女大学生表现出总体的注意维持，而低容貌焦虑女大学生则对美颜图片存在整体的注意解除困难。结论：研究发现，容貌焦虑对女大学生的注意偏向产生一定影响，研究结果与Vitousek和Hollon (1990)的认知模型存在部分一致性，但未体现该模型中最初的注意维持机制。Purpose: To study the eye movement data of attentional bias in female college students with appearance anxiety by using eye movement technology, and to examine the differences in eye movement and behavioural indicators of the subjects under different face stimuli. Methods: In this study, we used eye-movement technology combined with a point-probe research paradigm to collect eye-movement data and behavioural indicators from 90 female college students, and quantitatively analyzed them through the presentation of raw faces and beautiful faces, with the aim of investigating the differences in visual processing mechanisms between the different forms of face presentations. Results: Female college students with high face anxiety showed initial attentional bias to the raw picture stimuli, but did not show initial attentional maintenance; female college students with low face anxiety showed initial attentional orientations to the post-face-beauty pictures. High-look-anxious female undergraduates showed overall attentional maintenance in response to raw-picture face stimuli, whereas low-look-anxious female undergraduates had overall attentional disengagement difficulties with the post-beauty pictures. Conclusion: The study found that look anxiety exerts some influence on the attentional bias of female college students, and the findings are partially consistent with Vitousek and Hollon’s (1990) cognitive model, but do not reflect the initial attentional maintenance mechanism in that model.