The influence of 3D printed guide plate-assisted minimally invasive endoscopic foramina surgery on lumbar function and the levels of 6-keto-PGF1α and IL-6 in patients with lumbar intervertebral disc protrusion

Gastric cancer, as a malignant disease that poses a significant threat to human health, has become an important global public health issue. China is a country with a high incidence of gastric cancer. Its prevalence and mortality rates have generally remained high. The effectiveness of traditional treatment methods is limited, especially for advanced gastric cancer. In recent years, with the breakthroughs in immunotherapy research, it has been applied as a new treatment method in the field of gastric cancer treatment and occupies an important position. However, the currently widely used immune checkpoint inhibitors still have limitations in terms of the beneficiary population and efficacy, and are accompanied by drug resistance and toxic reactions. Adoptive cell therapy, immune vaccines, etc. are still in the clinical research stage. This article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, immune mechanisms of gastric cancer, its application research in gastric cancer, the problems faced, and the future development directions.