Mechanisms of depression and drug treatment

Depression is a complex mental illness, with its pathogenesis involving multiple factors such as social environment, genetics and genes, changes in brain structure and function, alterations in receptor function, inflammation, and immunity. The onset of depression may be related to abnormal levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Major symptoms include persistent low mood, reduced interest, and loss of energy. Medications for treating depression primarily work by regulating the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain; common drugs include fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and duloxetine.