A Study of the Effects of Different Dietary Patterns in Elderly Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory disease characterized by persistent airflow limitation and is a respiratory disease with a high incidence in the elderly population, and its etiology is closely related to smoking, environmental pollution and genetic factors. This study aims to integrate the evidence-based evidence of Mediterranean diet, DASH diet and low-carbohydrate diet, analyze their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and metabolic regulatory mechanisms, and provide a basis for clinical formulation of individualized nutritional strategies. Based on the PICO principle, we systematically searched the relevant literature of CNKI, VIP, PubMed and other databases from 2015 to 2024, and screened and extracted the data according to the PRISMA guidelines, and explored the effects of different dietary patterns on lung function (FEV1/FVC), inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6) and quality of life (SGRQ score). The Mediterranean diet greatly improved lung function and reduced the likelihood of exacerbations; The DASH diet can reduce systolic blood pressure in patients with hypertension, but it is not effective in treating patients with very severe COPD; The short-term use of low-carbohydrate diet can correct hypercapnia, but the long-term use of low-carbohydrate diet will increase the risk of weight loss. Mediterranean diet and DASH diet can be used as a first-level intervention program in the stable phase of COPD in the elderly, and a low-carbohydrate diet can be used for short-term management of acute exacerbations.