Optimized <scp>UAV</scp>‐Based Relay Algorithm for Enhanced Emergency Wireless Coverage in Disaster Areas

ABSTRACT In disaster‐affected areas where traditional communication infrastructure is often damaged or unavailable, maintaining reliable wireless connectivity is critical for effective emergency response. This paper presents an optimized Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)‐based relay algorithm designed to enhance emergency wireless coverage through dynamic positioning and energy‐efficient routing. The proposed system employs UAV‐mounted sensors to assess disaster zones in real time, identify communication blackspots, and guide UAV deployment based on key parameters such as altitude, battery life, and coverage radius. A communication protocol incorporating error correction mechanisms ensures robust data exchange between UAVs and ground users. Two core algorithms are introduced: one for optimal UAV deployment using population and terrain data, and another for maximizing device‐to‐device (D2D) communication capacity while minimizing interference. Simulation results validate the proposed approach, demonstrating substantial improvements in key performance metrics including path loss reduction, lower packet loss probability, and enhanced D2D capacity. Additionally, the system achieves over 93% communication efficiency while maintaining low energy consumption. This work highlights the practical viability of UAV relays for post‐disaster communication and provides a scalable, adaptive framework for extending coverage in emergency scenarios, ultimately supporting timely rescue coordination and resource allocation in crisis environments.