Rare High-Grade Malignant Myxofibrosarcoma and Postoperative Recurrence: A Case Report

This article reports a rare case of high-grade malignant myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) located in the left proximal thigh and its postoperative recurrence.Myxofibrosarcoma is a relatively uncommon subtype of soft tissue sarcoma, with high-grade variants being exceptionally rare.The patient experienced recurrence following surgical resection.Investigation into the recurrence mechanisms revealed that the aggressive invasiveness of tumor cells, supportive tumor microenvironment (TME), and the presence of cancer stem cells (CSCs) might be critical factors contributing to recurrence.Tumor cells secrete proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) to degrade the extracellular matrix (ECM), facilitating invasion and metastasis.Immune cells and fibroblasts within the TME provide favorable conditions for tumor survival and growth.CSCs, possessing self-renewal and multidifferentiation capabilities, allow residual cells to persist and proliferate post-surgery.A deeper understanding of these mechanisms is crucial for optimizing therapeutic strategies and improving survival rates in MFS patients.