On the Application and Improvement of the Normal Business Buyer Rule in the Mortgage of Movable Property

《民法典》第404条在《物权法》第189条基础上确立了正常经营买受人规则并扩大了其适用范围，本文以该规则为研究对象，聚焦其在动产抵押领域的适用问题，通过分析现行法律规定，解释该规则在“正常经营活动”“合理价款”“善意要件”的认定困难以及与动产抵押登记对抗主义和善意取得制度的冲突。并针对上述问题从立法、司法的角度提出完善建议，旨在平衡动产抵押交易中各方当事人利益，维护交易安全与效率。Article 404 of the Civil Code, building on Article 189 of the Property Law, establishes and broadens the scope of the normal business buyer rule. This article focuses on this rule in the context of movable property mortgages, analyzing current legal provisions to explain the challenges in defining “normal business activities”, “reasonable consideration”, and “good faith”. It also examines the conflicts with the principle of registration opposition in movable property mortgages and the good faith acquisition system. The article proposes legislative and judicial improvements to address these issues, aiming to balance the interests of all parties involved in movable property mortgage transactions and ensure transactional safety and efficiency.