International Technology Transfer of EU Countries in the Context of the Economic Diplomacy of the European Union as a Component of the EU Trade Policy Strategy

The aim of the article is to study the international technology transfer of EU countries in the context of the economic diplomacy of the European Union as a component of the EU trade policy strategy. By analyzing, systematizing, and summarizing the scientific approaches of domestic and foreign researchers, the content of international technology transfer is revealed as a key factor in the innovative development of national economies. Particular attention is paid to defining economic diplomacy as a tool for implementing foreign economic policy to safeguard the national interests of the EU Member States. The article discusses practical mechanisms for implementing international technology transfer with the support of EU institutions, specifically the European Commission, the European External Action Service, innovation development agencies, and trade representative offices. It is defined how the EU’s economic diplomacy contributes to creating a favorable environment for the dissemination of advanced technologies, including through free trade agreements, association agreements, intergovernmental framework agreements, and financial programs. It is emphasized that technological transfer, combined with economic diplomacy, serves as a tool of the European Union’s soft power, allowing it not only to strengthen its own economic competitiveness but also to influence the development trajectories of partner countries. As a result of the study, the impact of the European Union’s economic diplomacy on the formation and implementation of EU trade policy strategies is characterized, particularly through the support of innovative exchange, the establishment of partnership relations, and the promotion of technological cooperation between the Member States and external partners. The role of the European Union as a global technology transfer entity is summarized. Prospects for further research in this area are the development of tools for effective integration of technology transfer and diplomatic mechanisms to influence international trade. At a conceptual level, there is a need to clarify the role of European Union institutions in promoting technological development in partner countries.