Foreign Practice in the Implementation of Strategies and State Programs for Ensuring National Security

The global world and international order are changing and are at an important turning point in their development. This is occurring as a result of the influence of challenges and risks associated with changes in European and international security policy, as well as the geopolitical environment amid external threats. In this regard, countries worldwide need to rethink their approaches to ensuring defense capability, national security, resilience, and the stability of economic and social development as a whole. Given this, the aim of this article is to analyze and summarize foreign practices in the implementation of strategies and State programs for ensuring national security in order to facilitate their implementation and adaptation in the context of the wartime and post-wartime reconstruction of Ukraine. The article explores the strategic documents and State policies in the area of national security and defense of the USA, Japan, Israel, the United Kingdom, Poland, Germany, France, Estonia, Latvia, the Czech Republic, Spain, Italy, Romania, and the Republic of Moldova. It is proved that in the strategic management of national security, each country has its own peculiarities and differences that should be considered when developing a State policy in the domain of defense and security. However, all surveyed countries possess a common strategic approach to ensuring national security, which consists of «erasing» the boundaries between internal and external State policy as a projection of power and influence on a global scale; activating the activities of alliances and partnerships worldwide as vital strategic assets and indispensable structures that ensure international peace and stability; recognizing China as the greatest geopolitical challenge for the overwhelming majority of countries; acknowledging russia as a persistent threat to international and European security; maintaining and expanding international cooperation; and increasing the share of defense spending in the GDP of countries. The conducted analysis indicates that Ukraine needs to develop a National Security Strategy and recommendations for improving State policy on national security in the post-wartime period, taking into account the best global practices.