Influence of seed treatments on germination and seedling vigour of karonda (Carissa carandas L.) under shade net condition

A field experiment was done during the year 2024-25 and the seed treatments were used individually. The treatment T6 (KNO3 1.5%) were the outstanding treatment for enhancing seed germination and seedling vigour of karonda. Earliest initiation of seed germination (6.33 days), 50% of seed germination (11.02 days) and maximum germination percentage fruit (83.11%) was recorded superior under the treatment T6 (KNO3 1.5%). Also, the same treatment has been recorded maximum total seedling height (33.98 cm), number of leaves/seedling (50.87), collar diameter (2.67 mm), fresh weight of shoots (2.64 g), dry weight of shoots (1.12 g), root: shoot ratio (0.34), seedling vigour index-I (2268.68), seedling vigour index-II (107.17) and survival percentage (81.74%) under shade net condition. Root parameters of karonda seed were registered highest for root length (31.19 cm), number of roots per seedling (118.66), fresh weight of roots (0.78 g) and dry weight of roots (0.35 g) under the treatment T6 (KNO3 1.5%).