A Wideband Pattern Reconfigurable Antenna Using Transmissive Coding Metasurface

ABSTRACT In this paper a wideband pattern reconfigurable antenna operating at the center frequency of 3.5 GHz is presented. The antenna configuration consists of a cross‐slot antenna as the source element, an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) as the reflector, and a transmissive coding metasurface (TCMS) functions as the phase gradient. The length of the cross‐slot antenna is optimized to 1‐ to ensure excellent impedance matching across a broad frequency spectrum, where denotes the guided wavelength at the operational frequency of 3.5 GHz. The cross‐slot antenna is integrated with an AMC to achieve a high‐gain unidirectional radiation pattern. The TCMS positioned above the source antenna, plays a crucial role in controlling the antennas overall radiation characteristics. By modulating the working state of PIN diodes within the TCMS, the antenna achieves broad frequency coverage, wide‐angle beam steering, and variable beamwidth. The proposed antenna demonstrates the capability to scan the main beam in the H‐plane from to . Additionally, the 3‐dB half‐power beamwidth can be adjusted from to when the antenna is radiating in the broadside direction. Across all operating modes, the antenna offers a wide operating bandwidth ranging from 3.04 to 4.72 GHz (43.29%). The simulated and measured results exhibit excellent agreement.