Hybrid Grid Energy Management Using Renewable Energy Sources: A Strategic Solution for Pollution Free Power Systems

The global demand for clean and reliable energy has accelerated the integration of renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar and wind into power grids. Hybrid AC/DC microgrids, leveraging distributed generation (DG) and energy storage systems (ESS), have emerged as a promising solution to mitigate power quality issues, reduce dependency on fossil fuels, and enhance operational flexibility. However, the unique characteristics of RES—such as intermittency and variability—pose significant challenges to energy management systems (EMS). This paper explores a multi-agent based hierarchical EMS framework to optimize power flow and ensure efficient integration of distributed energy resources. Simulation and case studies demonstrate the potential of hybrid microgrids to support a stable and resilient future energy infrastructure.