Field-effect nanofluidic memristor

Nanofluidic memristors provide an unprecedented platform for neuromorphic computing by ionic conductance switching through hydrated ion transport dynamics and ion redistribution within nanochannels. Herein, we present a three-terminal field-effect nanofluidic memristor with gate-controlled ionic transmission that enables multidimensional reconfiguration of memristive characteristics, emulating both structural and functional features of voltage-gated biological ion channels. Through phase-modulated gate pulses, we achieve programmable frequency-adaptive pinched hysteresis with loop area scaling, quadrant-selective orientation, bidirectional hysteresis polarity, and low-pass filtering properties. Critically, the device emulates bio-synaptic plasticity at low-level energy consumption per spike. This work establishes an electrostatically gated neuromorphic platform for adaptive learning, suggesting nanofluidic field-effect transistors as feasible blocks for energy-efficient neuromorphic systems.