Applications and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence in Orthodontics

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into orthodontic practice has evolved from supporting roles to becoming pivotal in clinical decision-making. This review examines recent AI breakthroughs, evaluates their real-world performance in treatment settings, and addresses unresolved obstacles facing adoption. Key barriers involve persistent interdisciplinary collaboration gaps, algorithmic adaptability constraints across diverse patient profiles, and underdeveloped oversight protocols. Emerging solutions focus on integrating multimodal data streams, developing edge-computing platforms for chairside analytics, and establishing balanced governance models addressing technical, ethical, and legal dimensions.