Adaptation study for biportal endoscopic spine surgery using an ovine spine-based training model

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether it is possible to develop an effective and feasible training model for biportal endoscopic spine surgery using an ovine spine and a low-cost setup. Methods: Adaptation exercises for the biportal endoscopic technique were performed on an ovine spine in an environment simulating actual surgery. A low-cost USB endoscope and laptop were used for visualization, while basic surgical hand instruments and a hobby-type handheld drill were used for the surgical procedures. Results: A total of 28 biportal spinal endoscopic procedures were performed on five ovine spines. All interventions included laminotomy, flavectomy, and discectomy stages. The model allowed the surgeon to gain practical experience in handling endoscopic instruments, image guidance, and identification of anatomical structures. Conclusion: The ovine spine model offers an accessible and realistic training environment for learning the fundamental surgical steps and adapting to endoscopic techniques. If anatomical differences are recognized, this model can serve as an effective educational tool, particularly in resource-limited settings.