Integrated Stretchable and Adhesive Ionic Gel Epidermal Electrode for Cardiovascular Monitoring*

Advances in flexible electronics demand electrodes that overcome limitations of traditional devices, such as poor skin conformity, low conductivity, and weak adhesion. This study presents a flexible, stretchable, and adhesive ionic gel epidermal electrode for cardiovascular monitoring. Based on an acrylate system, the multilayer electrode integrates an adhesion layer, support layer, and insulating barrier layer. Incorporating deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and SiO<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> particles enhances ionic conductivity, mechanical strength, and adhesion, enabling stable ECG signal acquisition with minimal motion artifacts. Mechanical testing showed high tensile strength and elongation (>1500%), while impedance measurements outperformed commercial Ag-AgCl electrodes. Clinical trials demonstrated that, compared to commercial alternatives, the electrode offers superior resistance to motion artifacts and improved heart rate accuracy during physical activity. This electrode offers durable, reliable performance, with significant potential for flexible health-monitoring applications.