HUNGARIAN-UKRAINIAN LINGUISTIC INTERFERENCE PHENOMENA IN TRANSCARPATHIA

The fact that the current territory of Transcarpathia has a centuries-old history of coexistance between the Hungarians, Ukrainians and other cultures is undoubtedly well reflected in the languages of the interacting ethnic groups.This study cannot make a full presentation of interference phenomena occured due to the bilingual situation in the area, however, it can give an overall picture of the contact effects by showing the main features and adding a few examples.We'll briefly speak of the bilingual situation in Transcarpathia, the main types of loanwords, the development of their naturalization process, their meaning and code change and the language usage characteristics of the local population.The state language has a two-sided effect on the Transcarpathian Hungarian language: on one hand, the linguistic phenomenon as a result of the natural language relations.The Hungarian minority in the area has a day-to-day interaction with the slavic population, they master certain activities, take different tools, and spontaneously learn their names as well.The other, more intense effect of the state language is caused by the civil services.The loanword has prevalence and can be placed at a stage of the naturalization process because of it's adaptation to recipient language the loanword's phonological specialties, morpheme structure, sometimes even it's meaning changes.The loanword's change of meaning is also common.The two main groups can be defined by the direction of movement of the given word's semantic field.According to this, we can talk about meaning expansion and meaning narrowing, which are close to similarity-based name transfer (hasonlsgon alapul nvtvitel), since they practically move along the lines of related terms.Most of the loanwords can be found in the stage of orality and a continuous decrease can be noticeable moving towards written language variations.Only a certain amount of words will get to the stage of codification or standardization.