The Anthropocene presents significant challenges for silkworms and sericulture

The Anthropocene presents unprecedented challenges to global biodiversity and ecosystems. The silkworm Bombyx mori , which is the cornerstone of the sericulture industry, faces numerous challenges in this rapidly changing world due to various anthropogenic factors, including environmental pollution, climate change, diseases and pathogens, habitat degradation, declining genetic diversity, and economic instability. This review explores the effects of these multifaceted challenges on silkworms and their implications for the sericulture industry. Environmental pollution, particularly from pesticides, micro- and nanoplastics, and air and water pollution, stands out as one of the major concerns for silkworm health and quality. Additionally, temperature extremes, drought, flooding, unpredictable weather patterns, land use changes, disease outbreaks, antibiotic resistance, labor shortages, and market volatility have threatened the sustainability of silkworm-rearing practices and the sericulture industry. Here, we propose integrated mitigation strategies that span genetic (resilient strains), environmental (pollution control), and biotechnological approaches. Additionally, we have proposed strategies to mitigate the negative impacts of these factors and enhance the resilience of sericulture in the face of the Anthropocene. By detailing the specific challenges faced by sericulture today, this review raises awareness among stakeholders and underscores the urgency of utilizing integrated strategies to address these challenges and ensure the sustainability of silk production. • The Anthropocene is pushing natural ecosystems beyond recovery. • Environmental pollution, climate change, and habitat loss are key concerns. • Pathogens, diseases, and antibiotic resistance are other significant challenges. • These factors threaten silkworms and sericulture. • Mitigation strategies should be adopted to ensure the sustainability of sericulture.